ACCURACY, PRECISION OF INSTRUMENTS AND ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT Measurement is the foundation of all experimental science and technology.The result of every measurement by any measuring inst
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Systematic Errors The systematic errors are those errors that tend to be in one direction, either positive or negative.Some of the sources of systematic errors are : (a).Inst
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Random Errors The random errors are those errors, which occur irregularly and hence are random with respect to sign and size.These can arise due to random and unpredictable fluctuations in exp
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Least Count Error The smallest value that can be measured by the measuring instrument is called its least count.All the readings or measured values are good only up to this value. The
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Absolute Error, Relative Error and Percentage Error (a)Suppose the values obtained in several measurements are a1,a2, a3 ...., a .The arithmetic mean of these values is taken as the best possi
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Combination of Errors If we do an experiment involving several measurements, we must know how the errors in all the measurements combine. For example,mass density is obtained by deviding mass by th
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